Investment Option For Most Of The Investors Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2567 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? There are a lot of investment avenues in the Indian market which caters to different need of investors. Needs of investors depends on their family background, annual savings, life styles, risk appetite etc. Individuals investment behavior varies according to these facts .Indian financial industry is considered as one of the strongest in the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investment Option For Most Of The Investors Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The prime reason of this can be stated as the tight monitoring policies of Reserve bank of India. There are independent regulators in India for various fields like insurance, capital market, and banking. Ministry of finance, Government of India controls the financial industry in India. Every year the ministry presents the annual budget on 28th February .And the budget formulates the financial criteria for every industry. Even the traditional means of investments are monitored and controlled by the regulators in the market. The various regulators in the Indian capital market are: RBI Reserve bank is the apex body controlling all the banks in India. The interest rates prevailing in the market are determined by the repo and reverse repo rates of RBI. They intervene in the financial system to tackle inflation and GDP growth. IRDA This is the apex body which regulates all insurance companies. They monitor the insurance companies by regulating premium amounts, rural premiums etc. SEBI-This is the capital market regulator which regulates the stock markets in India. They control both primary and secondary market. AMFI-They regulate all the mutual fund companies in India FIPB- Foreign investment promotion board controls all the foreign investments made in India. Investments are normally categorized in the basis of risk involved in it. Risk involved is determined by past performance, government presence etc. 1. Low risk investments 2. Medium risk investments 3. High risk investments And also the investment options can be classified as traditional and professional means. Traditional ways are classified as follows. 1. Bank deposits 2. Postal savings 3. Chit funds 4. Physiacal gold 5. Real estate And managed schemes are, 1. Mutual funds 2. Stock market 3. Insurance 4. Forex market 5. Commodity market. Let us discuss each of these options in brief. SAVINGS ACCOUNT This is the most common investment option for most of the investors. Banks provide investment venues for investors with an interest rate. FIXED DEPOSITS Fixed deposits are bank saving schemes which offer a fixed rate of interest irrespective of the market conditions. STOCK MARKETS NSE and BSE are the biggest stock markets in India. Individual investors can invest in stock markets through depository participants. They are stock brokers which helps investors to open a demit account and trade in markets. MUTUAL FUNDS Indian mutual fund industry is in the infant stage with a lot of private players in the field. Most of the companies are either insurance companies or Banks. They are regulated by AMFI. Association of mutual fund industry. POSTAL SAVINGS These are deposit schemes offered by India post .This is considered as a risk free form of investment because investments in these schemes have Government guarantee CHIT FUNDS This is a traditional form of money borrowing and depositing. Chit funds are run by small scale private financial institutions which cater to the working capital need of small scale businesses and small scale investors. This is present in rural part of the country also. There are no tight regulations or monitoring policy in this field. REAL ESTATE Real estate is considered as an emerging form of investment. As the pace of urbanization increases in India, the value of land also appreciates. Thus making real estate as a good investment option. Also there are investors who buy land to earn from the agricultural revenue from them. PENSION SCHEMES These are professionally managed schemes by banks, insurance companies and mutual fund companies. People who retire from their job invest their money in this plans and the money is then invested at various avenues by the companies. Investor to whom the money actually belongs to then gets either a fixed return or proportional return. Apart from these options there are some other investment options like commodities market, hedge funds forex market etc. these are not considered in this study because of their irrelevance with respect to individual investors. India is considered as a big investment destination globally. Prime reason being the emerging economy status of the country. Also the high return in the Indian market attracts a lot of investors from abroad too. India capital market witnesses a large inflow of foreign money in terms of FIIs. CHAPTER V DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION CORRELATIONS Hypothesis 1: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Expertise in the field Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 -.003 Sig. (2-tailed) .980 N 95 86 Expertise in the field Pearson Correlation -.003 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .980 N 86 89 (Table 5.1.SPSS output of correlation) When significance value is .05 ,we reject the null hypothesis (H0).In the case of first hypothesis it is .980. ie .05. So we accept H0. H0 H0 : Expertise of fund managers have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers. It is accepted . Hypothesis 2: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Company value Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 .189 Sig. (2-tailed) .091 N 95 81 Company value Pearson Correlation .189 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .091 N 81 83 (Table 5.2 SPSS output of correlation) In the case of second hypothesis also significance value is .05 .ie .091. So H0 is accepted.ie H0: Company brand value of fund managers have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers. This is accepted. Hypothesis 3: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Risk reduction Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 .237* Sig. (2-tailed) .032 N 95 82 Risk reduction Pearson Correlation .237* 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .032 N 82 84 (Table 5.3.SPSS output of correlation) *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). In the case of third hypothesis significance value is .032 which is less than significance level of .05 .So H0 :Risk factor have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers, is rejected. Hypothesis 4: correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Time constraints Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 .255* Sig. (2-tailed) .025 N 95 77 Time constraints Pearson Correlation .255* 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .025 N 77 79 (Table 5.4 SPSS output of correlation) Here significance level is .025. which is less than .05.So H0 is rejected. H0 : Time constraints of investors have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers, is rejected. Hypothesis 5: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Advanced technology amp; Information systems Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 .218* Sig. (2-tailed) .049 N 95 82 Advanced technology amp; Information systems Pearson Correlation .218* 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .049 N 82 84 (Table 5.5.SPSS output of correlation) Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Here also significance level is less than .05.So H0 is rejected. H0 : Advanced technology Information systems the fund managers possess have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers,is rejected. Hypothesis 6: Correlations Risk Factor Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Risk Factor Pearson Correlation 1 -.047 Sig. (2-tailed) .662 N 91 91 Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation -.047 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .662 N 91 100 (Table 5.6.SPSS output of correlation) Here significance level is .662. which is greater than .05.So H0 is accepted. H0 : Risk factor have no significant impact in investor preference of going away from fund managers, is accepted Hypothesis 7: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Financial Knowledge Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 -.098 Sig. (2-tailed) .372 N 100 85 Financial Knowledge Pearson Correlation -.098 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .372 N 85 85 (Table 5.7.SPSS output of correlation) Here significance level is .372 Which is greater than .05.So H0 is accepted ie H0 : Financial knowledge have no significant impact in investor preferenceof going away from fund manager, is accepted. Hypothesis 8: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Personal Factors Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 -.129 Sig. (2-tailed) .249 N 100 82 Personal Factors Pearson Correlation -.129 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .249 N 82 82 (Table 5.8 SPSS output of correlation) Here significance level is .249 which is greater than .05. So H0 is accepted. ie H0 : Personal factors have no significant impact in investor preferenceof going away from fund manager, is accepted. Hypothesis 9: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Tax issues Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 -.298** Sig. (2-tailed) .005 N 100 87 Tax issues Pearson Correlation -.298** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .005 N 87 87 (Table 5.9 SPSS output of correlation) *. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Here significance value is .005 which is less than .05 .So H0 is rejected.ie,H0: Tax issues have no significant impact in investor preference of going away from fund manager, is rejected. FACTOR ANALYSIS=1(factors for why investors prefer managers) a) Eign Value 1 Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 2.739 54.776 54.776 2.739 54.776 54.776 2.245 44.903 44.903 2 1.031 20.613 75.390 1.031 20.613 75.390 1.524 30.486 75.390 3 .591 11.825 87.215 4 .370 7.407 94.622 5 .269 5.378 100.000 (Table 5.10.SPSS output of factor analysis) Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotated Component Matrixa Component 1 2 Expertise in the field .913 Company value .824 Risk reduction .799 Time constraints .746 Advanced technology amp; Information systems .890 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. Rotation converged in 3 iterations. Component 1 which consist of variables expertise in the field, company value, risk reduction contributes for the 54.776% of investors behavior. Component 2 consists of time constraints and advanced technology and information systems. It contributes to 20.613 % towards investors behavior. b)Level of Satisfaction 80% Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 2.739 54.776 54.776 2.739 54.776 54.776 2.193 43.860 43.860 2 1.031 20.613 75.390 1.031 20.613 75.390 1.097 21.947 65.807 3 .591 11.825 87.215 .591 11.825 87.215 1.070 21.408 87.215 4 .370 7.407 94.622 5 .269 5.378 100.000 (Table 5.11.SPSS output of factor analysis) Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotated Component Matrixa Component 1 2 3 Expertise in the field .899 Company value .853 Risk reduction .775 Time constraints .938 Advanced technology amp; Information systems .953 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations. FACTOR ANALYSIS=2(factors for why you not prefer them) a) Eigen Value 1 Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 2.159 53.977 53.977 2.159 53.977 53.977 2 .711 17.777 71.754 3 .663 16.566 88.320 4 .467 11.680 100.000 (Table 5.12.SPSS output of factor analysis) Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Only component 1 ( risk factors ) which is having an Eigen value of 2.159 and greater than 1 contributes to 53.977 % of investors behavior against managers. b) Level of Satisfaction 80% Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 2.159 53.977 53.977 2.159 53.977 53.977 1.443 36.075 36.075 2 .711 17.777 71.754 .711 17.777 71.754 1.078 26.955 63.030 3 .663 16.566 88.320 .663 16.566 88.320 1.012 25.290 88.320 4 .467 11.680 100.000 (Table 5.13.SPSS output of factor analysis) Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotated Component Matrixa Component 1 2 3 Risk Factor .961 Financial Knowledge .951 Personal Factors .767 Tax issues .881 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations. Correlations Correlations Expertise in the field Company value Risk reduction Time constraints Advanced technology amp; Information systems Risk Factor Financial Knowledge Personal Factors Tax issues Expertise in the field Pearson Correlation 1 .715** .620** .306** .206 .209 .084 -.019 -.092 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .006 .064 .053 .454 .866 .414 N 89 83 81 79 82 86 82 79 81 Company value Pearson Correlation .715** 1 .551** .323** .359** .272* .195 .004 -.075 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .004 .001 .013 .083 .974 .513 N 83 83 79 77 80 82 80 77 79 Risk reduction Pearson Correlation .620** .551** 1 .443** .424** .157 .159 .145 .002 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .164 .158 .204 .987 N 81 79 84 76 80 80 80 78 81 Time constraints Pearson Correlation .306** .323** .443** 1 .434** .224 .008 .096 .207 Sig. (2-tailed) .006 .004 .000 .000 .051 .943 .413 .073 N 79 77 76 79 78 77 78 75 76 Advanced technology amp; Information systems Pearson Correlation .206 .359** .424** .434** 1 .270* .183 .149 .127 Sig. (2-tailed) .064 .001 .000 .000 .014 .104 .195 .259 N 82 80 80 78 84 83 80 77 81 Risk Factor Pearson Correlation .209 .272* .157 .224 .270* 1 .354** .385** .402** Sig. (2-tailed) .053 .013 .164 .051 .014 .001 .000 .000 N 86 82 80 77 83 91 83 80 84 Financial Knowledge Pearson Correlation .084 .195 .159 .008 .183 .354** 1 .463** .363** Sig. (2-tailed) .454 .083 .158 .943 .104 .001 .000 .001 N 82 80 80 78 80 83 85 80 83 Personal Factors Pearson Correlation -.019 .004 .145 .096 .149 .385** .463** 1 .506** Sig. (2-tailed) .866 .974 .204 .413 .195 .000 .000 .000 N 79 77 78 75 77 80 80 82 79 Tax issues Pearson Correlation -.092 -.075 .002 .207 .127 .402** .363** .506** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .414 .513 .987 .073 .259 .000 .001 .000 N 81 79 81 76 81 84 83 79 87 (Table 5.13.SPSS output of correltion) *. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). CHAPTER VI FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS INTRODUCTION In this chapter findings of the study are presented on the basis of objectives. Objectives are stated as related to the nine hypothesis analyzed. In the above background, the theoretical and methodological contributions made by this study to the existing body of literature are also presented. Following this the managerial and policy implications of the study are also highlighted. The chapter then concludes by presenting the limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research. DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS The main goal of the study is to examine the factors that determine investors preference behavior towards professional management of their money. FINDINGS Factors which lead investors towards professional managers are identified as Expertise in the field, Company value, Time constraints, Risk reduction and advanced technology Information systems. Factors which divert investors are identified as risk factor, financial knowledge, personal factors and tax issues. Factors most influencing investors preference toward managers are found out to be time constraints , Risk reduction and advanced technology Information systems. Other factors of expertise in the field and company value have comparatively less significance. Tax concerns associated with the professional management of money is the only factor which has significant impact on their unwillingness. Other three factors are proved out to be insignificant. Majority of the respondents are willing to manage their money through professional means Stock market investments, mutual funds, insurance , pension schemes are considered as professional means and Bank deposits, chit funds, physical gold ,real estate etc are considered as traditional means of savings by most of the respondents Respondents between the age group 30-50 are more biased towards professional management. CONCLUSION This study was done to find out investors preference towards professional management of their money. Questions were asked to individual investors for both their willingness and unwillingness towards professional management. The age group of investors is an important factor in selecting the type of investments. The study also focuses in to the importance of professionally managed schemes like mutual funds, equity market, pension funds and insurance. We can find out from several other studies that only about 40 % of Indian citizens are financially accountable. So there lies a huge market for this firms when the rest of the population also becomes financially accountable. The financial inclusion project of central government aims towards it. SUGGESTIONS Only 40 % of Indias population is financially accountable. Government should increase the pace of its financial inclusion policies. Because there is huge market which is left off untapped. When the remaining population also becomes financially accountable ,it will add to countrys GDP.There are flaws with both professional and traditional ways of investment. Investors should becareful in selecting the different investment avenues. 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