Sunday, May 24, 2020

Investment Option For Most Of The Investors Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2567 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? There are a lot of investment avenues in the Indian market which caters to different need of investors. Needs of investors depends on their family background, annual savings, life styles, risk appetite etc. Individuals investment behavior varies according to these facts .Indian financial industry is considered as one of the strongest in the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investment Option For Most Of The Investors Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The prime reason of this can be stated as the tight monitoring policies of Reserve bank of India. There are independent regulators in India for various fields like insurance, capital market, and banking. Ministry of finance, Government of India controls the financial industry in India. Every year the ministry presents the annual budget on 28th February .And the budget formulates the financial criteria for every industry. Even the traditional means of investments are monitored and controlled by the regulators in the market. The various regulators in the Indian capital market are: RBI Reserve bank is the apex body controlling all the banks in India. The interest rates prevailing in the market are determined by the repo and reverse repo rates of RBI. They intervene in the financial system to tackle inflation and GDP growth. IRDA This is the apex body which regulates all insurance companies. They monitor the insurance companies by regulating premium amounts, rural premiums etc. SEBI-This is the capital market regulator which regulates the stock markets in India. They control both primary and secondary market. AMFI-They regulate all the mutual fund companies in India FIPB- Foreign investment promotion board controls all the foreign investments made in India. Investments are normally categorized in the basis of risk involved in it. Risk involved is determined by past performance, government presence etc. 1. Low risk investments 2. Medium risk investments 3. High risk investments And also the investment options can be classified as traditional and professional means. Traditional ways are classified as follows. 1. Bank deposits 2. Postal savings 3. Chit funds 4. Physiacal gold 5. Real estate And managed schemes are, 1. Mutual funds 2. Stock market 3. Insurance 4. Forex market 5. Commodity market. Let us discuss each of these options in brief. SAVINGS ACCOUNT This is the most common investment option for most of the investors. Banks provide investment venues for investors with an interest rate. FIXED DEPOSITS Fixed deposits are bank saving schemes which offer a fixed rate of interest irrespective of the market conditions. STOCK MARKETS NSE and BSE are the biggest stock markets in India. Individual investors can invest in stock markets through depository participants. They are stock brokers which helps investors to open a demit account and trade in markets. MUTUAL FUNDS Indian mutual fund industry is in the infant stage with a lot of private players in the field. Most of the companies are either insurance companies or Banks. They are regulated by AMFI. Association of mutual fund industry. POSTAL SAVINGS These are deposit schemes offered by India post .This is considered as a risk free form of investment because investments in these schemes have Government guarantee CHIT FUNDS This is a traditional form of money borrowing and depositing. Chit funds are run by small scale private financial institutions which cater to the working capital need of small scale businesses and small scale investors. This is present in rural part of the country also. There are no tight regulations or monitoring policy in this field. REAL ESTATE Real estate is considered as an emerging form of investment. As the pace of urbanization increases in India, the value of land also appreciates. Thus making real estate as a good investment option. Also there are investors who buy land to earn from the agricultural revenue from them. PENSION SCHEMES These are professionally managed schemes by banks, insurance companies and mutual fund companies. People who retire from their job invest their money in this plans and the money is then invested at various avenues by the companies. Investor to whom the money actually belongs to then gets either a fixed return or proportional return. Apart from these options there are some other investment options like commodities market, hedge funds forex market etc. these are not considered in this study because of their irrelevance with respect to individual investors. India is considered as a big investment destination globally. Prime reason being the emerging economy status of the country. Also the high return in the Indian market attracts a lot of investors from abroad too. India capital market witnesses a large inflow of foreign money in terms of FIIs. CHAPTER V DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION CORRELATIONS Hypothesis 1: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Expertise in the field Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 -.003 Sig. (2-tailed) .980 N 95 86 Expertise in the field Pearson Correlation -.003 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .980 N 86 89 (Table 5.1.SPSS output of correlation) When significance value is .05 ,we reject the null hypothesis (H0).In the case of first hypothesis it is .980. ie .05. So we accept H0. H0 H0 : Expertise of fund managers have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers. It is accepted . Hypothesis 2: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Company value Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 .189 Sig. (2-tailed) .091 N 95 81 Company value Pearson Correlation .189 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .091 N 81 83 (Table 5.2 SPSS output of correlation) In the case of second hypothesis also significance value is .05 .ie .091. So H0 is accepted.ie H0: Company brand value of fund managers have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers. This is accepted. Hypothesis 3: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Risk reduction Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 .237* Sig. (2-tailed) .032 N 95 82 Risk reduction Pearson Correlation .237* 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .032 N 82 84 (Table 5.3.SPSS output of correlation) *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). In the case of third hypothesis significance value is .032 which is less than significance level of .05 .So H0 :Risk factor have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers, is rejected. Hypothesis 4: correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Time constraints Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 .255* Sig. (2-tailed) .025 N 95 77 Time constraints Pearson Correlation .255* 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .025 N 77 79 (Table 5.4 SPSS output of correlation) Here significance level is .025. which is less than .05.So H0 is rejected. H0 : Time constraints of investors have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers, is rejected. Hypothesis 5: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Advanced technology amp; Information systems Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 .218* Sig. (2-tailed) .049 N 95 82 Advanced technology amp; Information systems Pearson Correlation .218* 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .049 N 82 84 (Table 5.5.SPSS output of correlation) Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Here also significance level is less than .05.So H0 is rejected. H0 : Advanced technology Information systems the fund managers possess have no significant impact on investors preference in selecting fund managers,is rejected. Hypothesis 6: Correlations Risk Factor Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Risk Factor Pearson Correlation 1 -.047 Sig. (2-tailed) .662 N 91 91 Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation -.047 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .662 N 91 100 (Table 5.6.SPSS output of correlation) Here significance level is .662. which is greater than .05.So H0 is accepted. H0 : Risk factor have no significant impact in investor preference of going away from fund managers, is accepted Hypothesis 7: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Financial Knowledge Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 -.098 Sig. (2-tailed) .372 N 100 85 Financial Knowledge Pearson Correlation -.098 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .372 N 85 85 (Table 5.7.SPSS output of correlation) Here significance level is .372 Which is greater than .05.So H0 is accepted ie H0 : Financial knowledge have no significant impact in investor preferenceof going away from fund manager, is accepted. Hypothesis 8: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Personal Factors Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 -.129 Sig. (2-tailed) .249 N 100 82 Personal Factors Pearson Correlation -.129 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .249 N 82 82 (Table 5.8 SPSS output of correlation) Here significance level is .249 which is greater than .05. So H0 is accepted. ie H0 : Personal factors have no significant impact in investor preferenceof going away from fund manager, is accepted. Hypothesis 9: Correlations Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Tax issues Do you prefer to manage your money through a professional fund manager? Pearson Correlation 1 -.298** Sig. (2-tailed) .005 N 100 87 Tax issues Pearson Correlation -.298** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .005 N 87 87 (Table 5.9 SPSS output of correlation) *. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Here significance value is .005 which is less than .05 .So H0 is rejected.ie,H0: Tax issues have no significant impact in investor preference of going away from fund manager, is rejected. FACTOR ANALYSIS=1(factors for why investors prefer managers) a) Eign Value 1 Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 2.739 54.776 54.776 2.739 54.776 54.776 2.245 44.903 44.903 2 1.031 20.613 75.390 1.031 20.613 75.390 1.524 30.486 75.390 3 .591 11.825 87.215 4 .370 7.407 94.622 5 .269 5.378 100.000 (Table 5.10.SPSS output of factor analysis) Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotated Component Matrixa Component 1 2 Expertise in the field .913 Company value .824 Risk reduction .799 Time constraints .746 Advanced technology amp; Information systems .890 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. Rotation converged in 3 iterations. Component 1 which consist of variables expertise in the field, company value, risk reduction contributes for the 54.776% of investors behavior. Component 2 consists of time constraints and advanced technology and information systems. It contributes to 20.613 % towards investors behavior. b)Level of Satisfaction 80% Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 2.739 54.776 54.776 2.739 54.776 54.776 2.193 43.860 43.860 2 1.031 20.613 75.390 1.031 20.613 75.390 1.097 21.947 65.807 3 .591 11.825 87.215 .591 11.825 87.215 1.070 21.408 87.215 4 .370 7.407 94.622 5 .269 5.378 100.000 (Table 5.11.SPSS output of factor analysis) Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotated Component Matrixa Component 1 2 3 Expertise in the field .899 Company value .853 Risk reduction .775 Time constraints .938 Advanced technology amp; Information systems .953 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations. FACTOR ANALYSIS=2(factors for why you not prefer them) a) Eigen Value 1 Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 2.159 53.977 53.977 2.159 53.977 53.977 2 .711 17.777 71.754 3 .663 16.566 88.320 4 .467 11.680 100.000 (Table 5.12.SPSS output of factor analysis) Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Only component 1 ( risk factors ) which is having an Eigen value of 2.159 and greater than 1 contributes to 53.977 % of investors behavior against managers. b) Level of Satisfaction 80% Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 2.159 53.977 53.977 2.159 53.977 53.977 1.443 36.075 36.075 2 .711 17.777 71.754 .711 17.777 71.754 1.078 26.955 63.030 3 .663 16.566 88.320 .663 16.566 88.320 1.012 25.290 88.320 4 .467 11.680 100.000 (Table 5.13.SPSS output of factor analysis) Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotated Component Matrixa Component 1 2 3 Risk Factor .961 Financial Knowledge .951 Personal Factors .767 Tax issues .881 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations. Correlations Correlations Expertise in the field Company value Risk reduction Time constraints Advanced technology amp; Information systems Risk Factor Financial Knowledge Personal Factors Tax issues Expertise in the field Pearson Correlation 1 .715** .620** .306** .206 .209 .084 -.019 -.092 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .006 .064 .053 .454 .866 .414 N 89 83 81 79 82 86 82 79 81 Company value Pearson Correlation .715** 1 .551** .323** .359** .272* .195 .004 -.075 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .004 .001 .013 .083 .974 .513 N 83 83 79 77 80 82 80 77 79 Risk reduction Pearson Correlation .620** .551** 1 .443** .424** .157 .159 .145 .002 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .164 .158 .204 .987 N 81 79 84 76 80 80 80 78 81 Time constraints Pearson Correlation .306** .323** .443** 1 .434** .224 .008 .096 .207 Sig. (2-tailed) .006 .004 .000 .000 .051 .943 .413 .073 N 79 77 76 79 78 77 78 75 76 Advanced technology amp; Information systems Pearson Correlation .206 .359** .424** .434** 1 .270* .183 .149 .127 Sig. (2-tailed) .064 .001 .000 .000 .014 .104 .195 .259 N 82 80 80 78 84 83 80 77 81 Risk Factor Pearson Correlation .209 .272* .157 .224 .270* 1 .354** .385** .402** Sig. (2-tailed) .053 .013 .164 .051 .014 .001 .000 .000 N 86 82 80 77 83 91 83 80 84 Financial Knowledge Pearson Correlation .084 .195 .159 .008 .183 .354** 1 .463** .363** Sig. (2-tailed) .454 .083 .158 .943 .104 .001 .000 .001 N 82 80 80 78 80 83 85 80 83 Personal Factors Pearson Correlation -.019 .004 .145 .096 .149 .385** .463** 1 .506** Sig. (2-tailed) .866 .974 .204 .413 .195 .000 .000 .000 N 79 77 78 75 77 80 80 82 79 Tax issues Pearson Correlation -.092 -.075 .002 .207 .127 .402** .363** .506** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .414 .513 .987 .073 .259 .000 .001 .000 N 81 79 81 76 81 84 83 79 87 (Table 5.13.SPSS output of correltion) *. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). CHAPTER VI FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS INTRODUCTION In this chapter findings of the study are presented on the basis of objectives. Objectives are stated as related to the nine hypothesis analyzed. In the above background, the theoretical and methodological contributions made by this study to the existing body of literature are also presented. Following this the managerial and policy implications of the study are also highlighted. The chapter then concludes by presenting the limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research. DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS The main goal of the study is to examine the factors that determine investors preference behavior towards professional management of their money. FINDINGS Factors which lead investors towards professional managers are identified as Expertise in the field, Company value, Time constraints, Risk reduction and advanced technology Information systems. Factors which divert investors are identified as risk factor, financial knowledge, personal factors and tax issues. Factors most influencing investors preference toward managers are found out to be time constraints , Risk reduction and advanced technology Information systems. Other factors of expertise in the field and company value have comparatively less significance. Tax concerns associated with the professional management of money is the only factor which has significant impact on their unwillingness. Other three factors are proved out to be insignificant. Majority of the respondents are willing to manage their money through professional means Stock market investments, mutual funds, insurance , pension schemes are considered as professional means and Bank deposits, chit funds, physical gold ,real estate etc are considered as traditional means of savings by most of the respondents Respondents between the age group 30-50 are more biased towards professional management. CONCLUSION This study was done to find out investors preference towards professional management of their money. Questions were asked to individual investors for both their willingness and unwillingness towards professional management. The age group of investors is an important factor in selecting the type of investments. The study also focuses in to the importance of professionally managed schemes like mutual funds, equity market, pension funds and insurance. We can find out from several other studies that only about 40 % of Indian citizens are financially accountable. So there lies a huge market for this firms when the rest of the population also becomes financially accountable. The financial inclusion project of central government aims towards it. SUGGESTIONS Only 40 % of Indias population is financially accountable. Government should increase the pace of its financial inclusion policies. Because there is huge market which is left off untapped. When the remaining population also becomes financially accountable ,it will add to countrys GDP.There are flaws with both professional and traditional ways of investment. Investors should becareful in selecting the different investment avenues. BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBILOGRAPHY Clinton Ang ,Rich Asians shun wealth managers , Bloomberg 2012 CYGNUS Business Consulting Research ,Wealth Management in India , 2008 Fitch MUMBAI ,Wealth mgmt fraud likely to hit Citis India profitability: 2011 Jitesh Rathore ,FUTURE OF WEALTH MANAGEMENT IN INDIA 2008 Skyline College Delhi https://search.proquest.com/docview/1013487804/13B92EF912812BFCE32/1?accountid=38885 Laskar, Anirudh; N. Sundaresha Subramanian ,Govt mulls norms for 1 trillion wealth management industry , 2011 https://search.proquest.com/docview/919006809/13B92EF912812BFCE32/2?accountid=38885 PR Newswire New York ,India Continues to Attract Foreign Wealth Managers to set up Business and Domestic Banks to set up Wealth Management ,2005 Business Wire New York ,Challenges and Opportunities for the Wealth Sector in India: Increased Regulation is Highly Probable ,14 Feb 2012 IBM Study ,Wealth management industry future bright: 2004 Jain, Dhiraj; Jhala, Anupama, PREFERENCES FOR WEALTH MANAGEMENT SERVICES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN UDAIPUR, RAJASTHAN , Jul 2012 PR Newswire New York ,India The Future of HNWIs to 2015: Bourgeoning Wealth and Wealth Management Opportunities, 2012. India Business Newsweekly ,The market publishers ; China and India wealth management , 2012

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Managerial Accounting and the Business Environment

Prologue Managerial Accounting and the Business Environment Study Suggestions ( The prologue describes important aspects of the contemporary business environment. While there are no written assignments, you should be familiar with the major ideas as background for your study of managerial accounting. HIGHLIGHTS A. In many industries, a company that does not continually improve will find itself quickly overtaken by competitors. The text discusses four major approaches to improvement—Just-In-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), Process Reengineering, and the Theory of Constraints (TOC). These approaches can be combined. B. The Just-In-Time (JIT) approach is based on the†¦show more content†¦2. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle is a systematic, fact-based approach to continuous improvement. Exhibit 1 in the text illustrates the PDCA Cycle. a. In the Plan phase, the current process is studied, data are collected, and possible causes of the problem at hand are identified. A plan is developed to deal with the problem. b. In the Do phase, the plan is implemented and data are collected. This is done on a small scale if possible since at this point the team is rarely sure that the plan will work. c. In the Check phase, the data collected in the Do phase are analyzed to verify whether the expected improvement actually occurred. d. In the Act phase, the plan is implemented on a large scale if it was successful. If the plan was not successful, the cycle is started again with the Plan phase. 3. Perhaps the most important characteristics of TQM are that it empowers front-line workers to solve problems and it focuses attention on solving problems rather than on finger pointing. F. Process Reengineering is a more radical approach to improvement than TQM. It involves completely redesigning business processes and it is often implemented by outside consultants. 1. In Process Reengineering, all of the steps in a business process are displayed as a flowchart. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Conclusion and Recommendations Free Essays

A Study of Criminal Justice Major Undergraduate College Students And Their Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System in Comparison with other Individuals who have Lesser Knowledge of the System Chapter 1: Introduction Criminal Justice is among the most misunderstood factors of the society. There appears to be different sides of perception regarding this matter from different sectors of the human community. The divisions primarily are based from two major views. We will write a custom essay sample on Conclusion and Recommendations or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first division is where the knowledgeable individuals belong. They are those who are more aware of the situation and the theories that underlie it. While on the other side of the division are those who primarily base their understanding upon what is actually obvious. They intend to comprehend with what Criminal Justice through the basis of the actual situations that happen in the society. This is where misconception of the whole idea of what crime, what justice and what Criminal Justice is as a whole. In this paper, the difference of the two major perceptions addressed earlier with regards the reality of Criminal Justice shall be discussed. More likely, this study shall be directly focused upon the importance as well as impact that education has on individuals who have not gained deeper understanding of what Criminal Justice is. The idea is to compare their perceptions with others who are simply basing their beliefs regarding the said issue on obvious occurrences. A Study of Criminal Justice  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Page 2 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Background of the Study The American society, although they are noted to be among the nations having the most number of laws and regulations with regards crime becomes the primary victim of crime itself during the past centuries. Why does this happen? Why the American society and how come they are becoming the target? It could not be denied that there are numerous members of the American population that belongs to the minorities. This population particularly includes the immigrants from other countries and other ethnic groups present within the American territories. For this reason, cultural diversity is indeed obvious within the said society. Cultural diversity then particularly causes the differences of the people living in one community making personal conflicts not that impossible to occur. As a result, more and more crimes are being committed by those who are non-Americans as they are overwhelmed with the life that faces them in a foreign land which is a lot different from the way they live their lives within their own countries. One fruit of the said conflicts is that people are forced at times to commit mistakes against the law, worse, they commit crimes against their fellowmen bringing grief and alarm to the whole community. How then do people view these dreadful situations in the society? Sadly, not everyone understands the whole picture of the story in one glance alone. This means that there is a need for deeper understanding A Study of Criminal Justice  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Page 3 to really be able to comprehend with what is happening. The application of justice in the society also becomes a lot more questionable as the years pass. This is the reason why many individuals have a different perception as to the uprightness and the effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in the society. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Statement of the Problem To be able to have a deeper understanding of the study being made, the problem statement that follows shall be addressed carefully within the paper: â€Å"Criminal Justice is a factor of the social regulation where several groups of people are involved. Understanding the said matter in a more objective way is not that easy. At times, only those who are able to gain knowledge regarding the said issue could actually comprehend to the said system that governs the human conflicts in the society today. This is the reason why the clarification of the said idea should be given closer attention by researchers of the said field.† 1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research Questions To be able to have a guide or a determining outline for the completion of this study, the following questions shall be answered during the process of this research:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Does education have an influence on beliefs and understanding regarding Criminal Justice?    How to cite Conclusion and Recommendations, Papers

Monday, May 4, 2020

David Akao (573 words) Essay Example For Students

David Akao (573 words) Essay David Akao CoachCarr HPER 111 11 11 September 2017 Study Questions 1-22 (page 111-112) B A Reduces lowerback pain Reduces the risk of injury Reduces the risk ofosteoperosis C C Slow twitch fibers (Type I) contract slowly but can contract repeatedly over long periods. Fast twitch fibers (TypeIIa)- contracts fastand can use aerobic energy sources as well as anaerobicenergy sources, fatigues faster than slow twitch fibers Fast twitch fibers (TypeIIb)- contract extremely rapidly, create very forceful muscle contractions and fatigues quickly. Walking or biking would mainly use slow twitch fibers. A 400m dash would be mainly using fast twitch fibers (TypeIIa). A 100m dash or a powerlifter would be mainly using Fast twitch fibers (TypeIIb). More muscle fibers are produced when muscular force increases. This is known as fiber recruitment. Age, gender, limb and muscle length, point of tendon insertion Isometric: Type of exercise in which muscular tension is developed but the body part does not move. Concentric: Action in which the muscle develops tension as it shortens against resistance and/or gravity. Eccentric: Action in which the muscle develops tension as it lengthens while controlling the movement with gravity. Motor unit:A motor nerve and all of the muscle fibers it controls. Isotonic exercise: An exercise that results in movement of a body part at a joint. Isometric exercise: An exercise that requires the development of muscular tension but results in no movement of body parts. Isokinetic exercise: An exercise performed at a constant velocity. Static contraction: An exercise performing little to no movement while contracting its muscle fibers. To measure that maximum amount of weight that can be lifted at one time. Progressive overload: Application of the overload principle to strength and endurance exercise programs. This concept is applied in strength training by progressively adding weight and increasing the sets and reps of an exercise. When the development of muscular strength and endurance is specific to both the muscle group that is exercised and the training intensity. A person training to increase strength would do a low amount of sets and reps with a very heavy weight. Whereas, a person training to increase endurance would a high amount of sets and reps with a lighter weight. Hypertrophy: The increase in fiber size. Hyperplasia: The formation of new muscle fibers. Increase in muscle size dueto hypertrophy. Performing weight-training exercises over the full range of motion at a join can improve flexibility. The Valsalva maneuver is when a person holds their breath to increase strength. This can be dangerous and can reduce blood flow to the brain and cause dizziness C 2 to 3 days a week using 3 sets 8 reps per set Starter Phase: The objective is to build strength gradually without developing undue muscular soreness or injury. SlowProgessionPhase: A phase lasting 4 to 20 week, depending on your initial strength level and your long-term strength goal. Maintenance Phase: Maintaining your level of strength, after reaching your strength goal. A strength-training program must be challenging enough to produce results but not too difficult because if it is too difficult, it will not increase your desire to train.