The Theory Of The Serial Endosymbiotic Theory - 1590 Words

The Serial Endosymbiotic Theory (SET) was a hypothesized process by which prokaryotes give rise to the first eukaryotic (an organism which contains a nucleus and organelles enclosed within a membrane ). Was pioneered in the 1960’s by the seminal work of Lynn Margulis. This theory attempts to explain the origins of eukaryotic cell organelles, specifically the mitochondria (providing the cells ATP (used for the cells metabolism) supply used by the cell as chemical energy ). With the theory suggesting that the mitochondria and plastids within a eukaryotic cell were once independent prokaryotic cells (a single celled organism, which contains a nucleus and other organelles that are absent of a membrane ), having been obtained by another organism through endosymbiosis, to become endosymbiot around 1.5 billion years ago. Where the eukaryotes several key organelles originated through a process called symbiosis, with this occurring between separate single celled organisms (prokaryotic cells). Through research and locating molecular and biochemical evidence, it suggests that the mitochondrion developed from proteobacteria, and chloroplast from cyanobacteria. The first sign of a potential relationship between chloroplasts and the cyanobacteria, started with Konstantin Mereschkowski. Through observation in 1883, and working closely with fellow botanists Andrea Schimper. He saw that the division of chloroplasts closely resembled that of the independent prokaryote cyanobacteria.Show MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis Of The Theory Of Endosymbiosis And It s Supporting Evidence1641 Words   |  7 PagesA critical analysis of the Theory of Endosymbiosis and it’s supporting evidence Abstract Introduction The endosymbiotic theory is an evolutionary theory explaining the origin of Eukaryotic cells from Prokaryotic, and is at present; the most widely accepted evolutionary theory of the Eukaryotic cell. The theory explains the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts and their double membranes, suggesting that chloroplasts and mitochondria represent formerly free-living bacteria that were taken intoRead MorePhotosynthesis is a series of light driven reactions that convert energy poor compounds such as1200 Words   |  5 Pagesa hugely important role in the endosymbiotic history of modern photosynthesis. According to endosymbiotic theory, modern chloroplasts evolved from cyanobacteria. Endosymbiosis is the process of incorporating one organism into another. The first endosymbiotic event involved the engulfing of an alpha proteo bacterium by a proto-eukaryote, giving rise to the presence of mitochondria in cells. Chloroplasts developed from cyanobacteria. After this first endosymbiotic event which led to the evolutionRead MoreEndosymbiosis and evolution of Organelles Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagesancestor. This essay will focus on: the early evolution of our eukaryote ancestor during Precambrian period, plastids origin along the algae family due to second endosymbiosis; discuss the evidence that supports the theory, including further examples of endosymbiosis. The theory, as discussed by Lynn Margulis, states that mitochondria originated from ÃŽ ±-proteobacteria bacterium which was engulfed by the ancestral anaerobic eukaryotic cell, through endocytosis, and retained within the cytoplasm

Solar Energy A Cleaner Tomorrow - 1159 Words

Solar Energy: A Cleaner Tomorrow Renewable energy sources have changed communities, consumers and businesses worldwide. By reducing or eliminating altogether the use of fossil fuel and replacing it with renewable energy sources, can promote a cleaner future for America. Solar power and solar energy are helping to assist many families in reducing their energy bills and more so with commercial businesses. Ultimately solar energy has the potential to become United States main source of energy, along with replacing the demanding effects of fossil fuel currently being utilized. In a world driven on convenience, economy, and self-sufficiency, society is not always open to revolutionize, for the simple fact that people get set in a specific way of living or have no notion that alternatives are available. Two of the largest oil spills were recorded in 2015, one in Singapore with an astonishing 4500 tunnes of crude oil and in turkey with an amount of 1400 tunnes. Unfortunately, with these types of massive oil spills the debate for alternative source of energy has become one of the latest issues of concern. In a world where we have banked on the use of fossil fuel for majority of our energy source, society needs to be aware that there are other alternatives readily available. In 2011 the United States produced 5.6 million barrels of oil per day making it the world s third largest oil producer. (â€Å"BP Statistical Review of World Energy†) However with burning fossil fuel comesShow MoreRelatedRenewable Energy As A Replacement For Their Energy Needs914 Words   |  4 PagesPowering Tomorrow Most American families are dependent on fossil fuels for their energy needs. However, the cost associated with fossil fuels is very unstable and has caused many to seek alternative sources. Countless experts think, that alternate source has been realized in the form of renewable energy. These types of energy have shown potential for sustained demands, economic growth, and environmental benefits. Consumers should consider renewable energy as a replacement for their everyday energy needsRead MoreRenewable Energy As A Replacement For Their Energy Needs915 Words   |  4 PagesPowering Tomorrow Most America families are dependent on fossil fuels for their energy needs. However, the cost associated with fossil fuels is very unstable and has caused many to seek alternative sources. Many experts think, that alternate source has been realized in the form of renewable energy. These types of energy have shown potential for sustained demands, economic growth, and environmental benefits. Consumers should consider renewable energy as a replacement for their everyday energy needsRead MoreA Cleaner Planet : What Do Know About Coal?1419 Words   |  6 PagesAdam Kurek 11/12/15 English A Cleaner Planet What do know about coal. We know that it creates heat and it runs are factories that make the thing that use greedy first world country people need to have. Coal energy powers that world we mine it everyday and pollute our air with it every second. Pollution is a problem now whether or not you thing that global warming is a thing or not are airs are still polluted almost to the point of no return. But is there a slight chance that one human beingRead MoreThe Warming Effect Of Climate Change1536 Words   |  7 Pagessheets, declining artic sea ice, ocean acidification, and decrease snow cover. All of this evidence is a fair warning and message for humans: change needs to come now, because the choices we make now are contributing to the better/worse of our planet tomorrow. During the last 10-12 years, the federal government has been heavily involved with the climate change issue, whether dismissing climate change (Bush Administration) or helping it (Obama Administration). Starting in October 2003, Senators JohnRead MoreAlternative Energy And Renewable Energy1113 Words   |  5 Pageschoices today, can lead to some horrific things tomorrow. Many have become so dependent on machines and other electronic devices, which require energy and fuel. The primary fuels that we use today are harmful for the environment and may have a limited supply. Although often overlooked, it is important for us to take small steps towards living more eco-friendly lives, this requires alternative energy. I feel a greater use of biomass, an alternative energy, can help slow the downturn of the Earth fromRead MoreMotivation Towards Having A Cleaner Planet1748 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation towards having a cleaner planet is essential. Government agencies have been establishin g regulations in order to achieve a greener and cleaner future. A Morlec project can be created with the purpose of accelerating this transformation towards a cleaner future. Morlec will replace the combustion engine on any car by an electric motor. By just replacing only the motor the cost will be significantly low. This way most of the people that own a vehicle will have a more economic attractiveRead MoreCostco Wholesale Corporation Inc.720 Words   |  3 Pagesmeasures that are more energy efficient; striving for a cleaner tomorrow. For instance, it has put into effect an energy program that records greenhouse gas emissions. This allows the company to meet standards required by the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. In addition, Costco’s metal warehouse designs are consistent with the requirements of the Silver Level LEED Standard, and each structure is constructed from 75% recycled steel materials. Furthermore, energy consumption at itsRead MoreEn vironmental Issues Of The Air Pollution1896 Words   |  8 Pagesleading to an increased awareness; however, further consideration is needed for global solutions. Air pollution is one the largest environmental issues targeting the Earth’s entire population. Energy efficiency plays an important role for promoting renewable energy so without it, resources for non-renewable energy are declining. All over the world fossil fuels, like coal and oil, are harvested to fuel factory production in order to meet consumer needs and releasing dangerous greenhouse gases. CorporationsRead MoreNuclear Energy Is Not the Answer1093 Words   |  4 Pagesuse increasingly more energy every day. According to the most recent study done by the US Energy Information Administration in 2008, the world uses 493 quadrillion BTUs or energy a year, and 82% of the energy is generated from fossil fuels. This source makes clear, that fossil fuels are a big part of life, and as they run out, it is more an d more important to find a solution. In the midst of a polluted world, what we need is a powerful, sustainable, and clean energy source. Solar power, wind power,Read MoreGreen Technology – Past, Present, Future2377 Words   |  10 Pagesare not living in the environmentally â€Å"cleanest† era. In the 21st century we need to look into the future and prepare for a cleaner environment with the impact of human involvement. Past Although we do not hear a lot about the history of green technology there is a long time line of ideas. For example, since 1000 B.C., Asia and Europe began harnessing and advancing wind energy, developing more efficient and newer windmills. When this idea reached America in the 1850’s it was used to provide fresh

Communication of Organizations Transactional Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Communication of Organizationsfor Transactional Analysis. Answer: Introduction Communication is the process by which information is relayed from the sender to the receiver and back to the sender in form of a feedback. This is an analysis of a communication event between a salesman in a cloths boutique /shop and the potential buyer. The essay delves into communication theories that were in play during this conversation. It also touches on other aspects of speech and communication such as use signs use of illustrations or displays, feedback between the two parties, noises that may have hindered the process of communication, listening skills of both parties and the use of the paralanguage in this communication event. In the next paragraph we shall look at how these theories and/or concepts of communication were at play in this event. (Ellis, 2003) When we arrived at the store my friend raised his hand to show me a certain short on display that he liked but did not want to buy. This drew the attention of the salesman who was passing nearby and he thought that we wanted assistance which was not the case. My friend clarified to him and he left. This was unintended communication that happened between the two parties. Soon after when my friend had settled on the cloths he was interested he again raised is hand to draw the attention of the same salesman who was arranging some items on the shelves. The salesman nodded and came to where we were. This was use of illustration or kinesics. At this point in time none of the two parties had said a single word but given the buying selling environment it was clear to the salesman that here is potential customer who is interested in buying an item from the store and he needs some assistance. (Kukkonen and Stocchetti, 2012) This communication event mirrored more on transactional model of communication as opposed to transmission model. The two parties were constantly seeking clarification from each other as in both were sender and receiver at the same time rather than just two way communication with sending message and receiving feedback as in the case transmission model. As my friend inquired about certain type shirt which is in fashion the salesman also was busy sharing with him newer fashions while comparing what my friend wanted and what he thought resembles it was. They were all seeking the understanding of each other on aspects such as the size of the shirt, whether it was fully cotton made or synthetic and price range. When my friend could not believe with the prices he would make a facial expression to mean that price was quite high for him but the salesman would gesture back by pointing at the shirt ostensibly to mean but the quality is also good my customer. This was use of paralanguage in this communication event. (Machin, 2014) There were various forms of communication in this event. The vocal communication where both parties used human voice as in the spoken words to communicate and non vocal communications where both parties could point to each other written words on the items under display. There was also use of non verbal communication where both parties could node to each other to mean agreement or wave hand to mean not in agreement. (Berardo, 2014) This communication was also characterized by different type of noises that can be categorized into three forms; semantics and mechanical. The semantic noise in this communication event was a result of the two parties coming from different continents of the world. While my friend is from Asia a country called Afghanistan the salesman was most likely Australian. The pitch and the accent of the conversation of the conversation would at times make both parties seek clarification or use alternative words in order to reach a common understanding. The store was also quite busy with fairly large of customers moving up and down conversing. This was another form of noise in this communication event. Other clients would even interrupt this event to seek quick clarification from the salesman and move on. (Clifford Christians and Kaarle Nordenstreng (eds), Communication Theories in a Multicultural World, 2014) There was no evidence of any form of speaker apprehension in this communication event. Both parties confidently conversed asking questions and seeking clarification from each other. Both used behaviors that demonstrated that they were good listeners by maintaining eye contact and allowing time to each other to speak without interrupting. The event was also characterized by use of emblems that either approved what the other party said or meant not in agreement. There was also use of haptics in this event as the salesman kept on touching my friends shoulder to assure him of either quality of the shirt or that the price range was best value. In conclusion, we therefore realize that the transactional model best captures the scenarios that were at play during this communication event between my friend and the salesman. The model is useful here in that both parties were senders and receivers of the messages as they sought common understanding on the size of the cloth, the quality and uniqueness the materials used and the price range. The event was not just about one party sending the information and receiving feedback from the other rather it was a type of communication where both parties were constantly looking form common ground between the two of them. Both parties could synthesis information in their own sensory world and make responds based on how he understood the massage. The encoding and decoding of the messages or information in this event culminated into the two parities agreeing with each other and us leaving the store with a shirt. References Berardo, C. (2014). Contributions to a Theory of Communication. Transactional Analysis Journal, 44(3), pp.218-225. Clifford Christians and Kaarle Nordenstreng (eds), Communication Theories in a Multicultural World. (2014). European Journal of Communication, 29(5), pp.640-648. Ellis, R. (2003). Communication Skills. Bristol: Intellect. Kukkonen, K. and Stocchetti, M. (2012). Critical Media Analysis. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. Machin, D. (2014). Visual communication. Berlin: De Gruyter.

Sulfuric Acid Industry In Ontario Essays - Sulfur, Sulfates, Lead

Sulfuric Acid Industry in Ontario Among the many plants in Ontario where sulfuric acid is produced, there are three major plant locations that should be noted on account of their greater size. These are: (1) Inco. - Sudbury, (2) Noranda Mines Ltd. - Welland, and (3) Sulfide - Ontario There are a number of factors which govern the location of each manufacturing plant. Some of these factors that have to be considered when deciding the location of a Sulfuric Acid plant are: a. Whether there is ready access to raw materials; b. Whether the location is close to major transportation routes; c. Whether there is a suitable work force in the area for plant construction and operation; d. Whether there is sufficient energy resources readily available; e. Whether or not the chemical plant can carry out its operation without any unacceptable damage to the environment. Listed above are the basic deciding factors that govern the location of a plant. The following will explain in greater detail why these factors should be considered.1) Raw Materials The plant needs to be close to the raw materials that are involved in the production of sulfuric acid such as sulfur, lead, copper, zinc sulfides, etc..2) Transportation A manufacturer must consider proximity to transpor- tation routes and the location of both the source of raw materials and the market for the product. The raw materials have to be transported to the plant, and the final product must be transported to the customer or distributor. Economic pros and cons must also be thought about. For example, must sulfuric plants are located near the market because it costs more to transport sulfuric acid than the main raw materials, sulfur. Elaborate commission proof container are required for the transportation of sulfuric acid while sulfur can be much more easily transported by truck or railway car. 3) Human Resources For a sulfuric acid plant to operate, a large work force will obviously be required. The plant must employ chemists, technicians, administrators, computer operators, and people in sales and marketing. A large number of workers will also be required for the daily operation of the plant. A work force of this diversity is therefore likely to be found only near major centres of population.4) Energy Demands Large amounts of energy will also be required for the production of many industrial chemicals. Thus, proximity to a plentiful supply of energy is often a determining factor in deciding the plant's location. 5) Environmental Concerns Most importantly, however, concerns about the environment must be carefully taken into consideration. The chemical reaction of changing sulfur and other substances to sulfuric acid results in the formation of other substances like sulfur dioxide. This causes acid rain. Therefore, there is a big problem about sulfuric plants causing damage to our environment as the plant is a source of sulfur emission leading to that of acid rain.6) Water Supplies Still another factor is the closeness of the location of the plants to water supplies as many manufacturing plants use water for cooling purposes. In addition to these factors, these questions must also be answered: Is land available near the proposed site at a reasonable cost? Is the climate of the area suitable? Are the general living conditions in the area suitable for the people involved who will be relocating in the area? Is there any suggestions offered by governments to locate in a particular region? The final decision on where the sulfuric acid plant really involves a careful examination and a compromise among all of the factors that have been discussed above.Producing Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric acid is produced by two principal processes-- the chamber process and the contact process. The contact process is the current process being used to produce sulfuric acid. In the contact process, a purified dry gas mixture containing 7-10% sulfur dioxide and 11-14% oxygen is passed through a preheater to a steel reactor containing a platinum or vanadium peroxide catalyst. The catalyst promotes the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to trioxide. This then reacts with water to produce sulfuric acid. In practice, sulfur trioxide reacts not with pure water but with recycled sulfuric acid.The reactions are: 2SO2 + O2 --* 2SO3 SO3 + H2O --* H2SO4 The product of the contact plants is 98-100% acid. This can either be diluted to lower concentrations or made stronger with sulfur trioxide to yield oleums. For the process, the sources of sulfur dioxide may be produced from pure sulfur, from pyrite, recovered from smelter operations or by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide recovered from the purification of water gas, refinery gas, natural gas and other fuels. Battery Acid Industry Many industries depend on sulfuric acid. Among these industries is the battery acid